
www.ambiente.us FEBRUARY / FEBRERO 2008
Descubren datos clave sobre el virus del sida
Observaron uno de sus puntos débiles: depende de muchos genes
para crecer
Por John Lauerman
El VIH, el virus que causa el sida, depende de más de 250 genes
humanos para crecer. Se trata de un importante hallazgo que revela
en parte su debilidad y podrÃa conducir a nuevas formas de atacarlo.
Bloqueando genes en células afectadas, se logró vincular la
supervivencia del virus a procesos de transporte de proteÃnas,
ingreso al núcleo y autodestrucción de las células, anunciaron
cientÃficos de la Universidad de Harvard en un estudio publicado
en la revista Science.
"Con solo nueve genes que fabrican 15 proteÃnas, el VIH debe
asumir el control de la maquinaria que fabrica proteÃnas en las
células infectadas para reproducirse a sà mismo. Los fármacos
que impiden a las células cooperar con el letal virus podrÃan ser
valiosas alternativas para combatirlo", dijo David Baltimore, biólogo del California Institute of Technology.
Esto suministra un muy importante tipo de claves para la sÃntesis de nuevos medicamentos que
podrÃan impedir el crecimiento del VIH'', comentó Baltimore.
Este virus se adhiere a sà mismo a proteÃnas en la superficie de las células inmunitarias, penetra en
ellas y secuestra su maquinaria de hacer proteÃnas para producir más virus. En el proceso, destruye las
defensas del cuerpo, dejando a los pacientes vulnerables a infecciones, como la tuberculosis y el cáncer.
"Para lograrlo, debe comandar los servicios de una amplia variedad de genes", puntualizó Stephen
Elledge, genetista de la Facultad de Medicina de Harvard que contribuyó en el estudio.
"Es como si un pequeño grupo terrorista atacara un pueblo con un tanque, y luego convirtiera al pueblo en
una fábrica de tanques'', comentó Elledge. "TendrÃan que tomar la infraestructura existente para copiar
esas máquinas''. Junto con Abraham Brass, otro genetista de Harvard, usó una tecnologÃa para
bloquear genes llamada interferencia RNA a fin de ver qué funciones celulares son más importantes en
el ataque viral. Luego de examinar cerca de 21.000 genes de esta manera, encontraron claves de cómo el
virus se hace cargo del transporte dentro de la célula y accede a la plaza fuerte del ADN en el núcleo.
El virus también requiere los servicios de genes que fabrican una variedad de proteÃnas en la superficie
de la célula, los cuales no se sabÃa que estuvieran involucrados en la infección, reveló Elledge. Genes
que participan en un proceso de autodestrucción, llamado autofagia, también fueron usados por el VIH.
Bloquear o inhibir cualquiera de estos podrÃa ofrecer mejores formas de tratar la enfermedad.
Copyright © AMBIENTE MAGAZINE. Do not reproduce without citing this source.
Scientists discover key facts about the AIDS virus
They noted one of its weaknesses: it depends on many genes to grow
By John Lauerman
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, depends on more than 250 human genes to grow. This is an important
finding in part that reveals its weakness and could lead to new forms of attack.
Locking genes in cells affected has made it possible to link the survival of the virus to transport processes
protein, enter the nucleus and self-destruction of the cells, announced scientists from Harvard University in
a study published in the journal of Science.
"With only nine genes that produce proteins 15, HIV must take control of the machinery that makes proteins
in infected cells to reproduce itself. Drugs that prevent cells cooperate with the lethal virus might be valuable
alternatives to combat it , "said David Baltimore, a biologist from the California Institute of Technology.
This provides a very important kind of key to the synthesis of new drugs that might prevent the growth of HIV''
said Baltimore.
This virus adheres itself to proteins on the surface of immune cells, enters them and kidnaps his machinery
to make proteins to produce more viruses. In the process, destroys the body's defenses, leaving patients
vulnerable to infections such as tuberculosis and cancer.
"To achieve this, you must command the services of a wide variety of genes," explained Stephen Elledge,
geneticist of the Harvard Medical School who helped in the study.
"It's as if a small terrorist group attacked a village with a tank, and then turned to the people in a tank factory''
said Elledge. " It would have to take the existing infrastructure to copy these machines.'' Along with Abraham
Brass, another geneticist at Harvard, a technology used to block gene called RNA interference to see what
is more important cellular functions in the viral attack. After reviewing some 21,000 genes in this way, they
found keys to how the virus takes charge transport within the cell and go to the stronghold of DNA in the
nucleus.
The virus also requires the services of genes that manufacture a variety of proteins on the surface of the cell,
which no one knew they were involved in the infection, revealed Elledge. Genes involved in a process of
self-destruction, called autophagy, were also used by HIV.
Blocking or inhibiting any of these could provide better ways to treat the disease.
Copyright © AMBIENTE MAGAZINE. Do not reproduce without citing this source.
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